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1 École centrale des Arts et Manufactures
École centrale des Arts et Manufacturesinženýrská školaDictionnaire français-tchèque > École centrale des Arts et Manufactures
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2 Ecole centrale des arts et manufactures
сущ.Французско-русский универсальный словарь > Ecole centrale des arts et manufactures
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3 école Centrale des Arts et Manufactures
Французско-русский универсальный словарь > école Centrale des Arts et Manufactures
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4 École centrale des arts et manufactures, École centrale
Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > École centrale des arts et manufactures, École centrale
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5 école
école [ekɔl]1. feminine nouna. ( = établissement) school• envoyer or mettre un enfant à l'école to send a child to school• grande école prestigious higher education institute with competitive entrance examination → GRANDES ÉCOLESb. ( = enseignement) schooling ; ( = système scolaire) school systemc. ( = mouvement artistique, de pensée) school2. compounds► école des Beaux-Arts ≈ art college• faire l'école buissonnière to play truant (Brit) or hooky (US) ► École centrale prestigious college of engineering► École normale ≈ teacher training college → GRANDES ÉCOLES━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━Nursery school ( l'école maternelle) is publicly funded in France and, though not compulsory, is attended by most children between the ages of three and six. Statutory education begins with primary (grade) school (« l'école primaire ») and is attended by children between the ages of six and 10 or 11.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━The École nationale d'administration or ÉNA, in Strasbourg (formerly in Paris), is a competitive-entrance college training top civil servants. Because so many ministers and high-ranking decision-makers are « énarques » (ex-students of ÉNA), the school has often been criticized for exercising too much influence, and French political life is perceived by some as being monopolized by the so-called « énarchie ». → CONCOURS* * *The French school system has three tiers: l'école maternelle (from the age of two); l'école primaire comprising cours préparatoire (CP), cours élémentaire 1 et 2 ( CE1, CE2), cours moyen 1 et 2 ( CM1, CM2); and l'école secondaire ( collège and lycée). School attendance is compulsory between the ages of 6 and 16* * *ekɔl nf1) school2)* * *école nf1 Scol ( établissement) school; être à l'école to be at GB ou in US school; aller à l'école to go to school; le directeur a réuni toute l'école the headteacher assembled the whole school; école de garçons/filles boys'/girls' school; enfants des écoles schoolchildren; la grande/petite école primary/nursery school;2 ( enseignement) school; l'école est finie school is over; avoir école to have school; mettre un enfant à l'école to send a child to school; dès l'école from the very first days at school; quitter l'école à 16 ans to leave school at 16;3 ( système) education system; réformer l'école to reform the education system;4 Univ (grande) école higher education institution with competitive entrance examination; une école d'ingénieurs a Grande École of Engineering; une école de commerce a business school;5 ( source de formation) training (de in); la lexicographie est une école de patience lexicography is a training in patience; être à bonne école to be in good hands; être de la vieille école to be of the old school; l'école de la vie the university of life;6 ( mouvement) school; école flamande/romantique Flemish/Romantic school; école de pensée school of thought; faire école to gain a following.école communale local school; école de conduite driving school; école de danse dancing school; école élémentaire primary school; école de gestion Univ business school, school of business and management GB; école hôtelière hotel management school; école d'infirmières nursing college; école de journalisme school of journalism; école de langues language school; école libre ( système) independent education; ( établissement) independent school; école maternelle nursery school; école militaire military academy; école de musique music school; école normale, EN primary teacher training college; école obligatoire compulsory schooling; école parallèle progressive school GB, alternative school; école de pilotage flying school; école de police police college GB, police academy US; école primaire primary school; école privée private school; école professionnelle training college; école publique ( établissement) state school GB, public school US; ( système) state education GB, public education US; école de secrétariat secretarial college; École centrale des arts et manufactures, Centrale○ Grande École of Engineering; École des chartes, les Chartes○ School of Palaeography and Archival Studies; École des Mines, les Mines○ Grande École of Mining Studies; École nationale d'administration, ENA Grande École of Public Management; École nationale des ponts et chaussées, les Ponts et chaussées○, les Ponts○ Grande École of Civil Engineering; École nationale supérieure des arts et métiers, les Arts et métiers○, les Arts○, ENSAM Grande École of Engineering; École normale supérieure, ENS Grande École preparing teachers for higher education.École The French school system has three tiers: l'école maternelle (from the age of two); l'école primaire comprising cours préparatoire (CP), cours élémentaire 1 et 2 ( CE1, CE2), cours moyen 1 et 2 ( CM1, CM2); and l'école secondaire ( collège and lycée). School attendance is compulsory between the ages of 6 and 16.[ekɔl] nom féminin1. [établissement] school2. [cours] school3. [système]4. [collège supérieur]École (centrale) des arts et manufactures, École centrale prestigious engineering schoolÉcole nationale d'administration → link=ENA ENA5. [lieu spécialisé] school6. [pédagogie]7. [disciples] school8. (figuré)The separation of Church and State, which reflects the republican ideal and became law in 1905, is an important aspect of French culture. Since that date State education has been independent of the Church, and explicitly excludes religious instruction and religious ceremony. -
6 école
f. (lat. schola, gr. skholê) 1. училище, учебно заведение; aller а l'école отивам на училище, посещавам училище, ученик съм; école cellulaire килийно училище; école primaire основно училище; école secondaire (lycée, collège) средно училище; école de musique, de médecine музикално, медицинско училище; école commerciale търговско училище (гимназия); école d'adultes, du soir вечерно училище (за възрастни); école militaire военно училище; école professionnelle професионално училище (техникум); école d'apprentissage rurale селскостопанско училище (техникум); école en plein air училище на открито; école maternelle детска градина; Ecole d'arts et métiers Училище за приложни изкуства; Ecole centrale des arts et manufactures Инженерно-техническо училище (в Париж); 2. висше училище, университет, факултет; висша школа, институт; Ecole de droit Юридически, правен факултет; Ecole de médecine Медицински институт; Ecole normale Педагогически институт; Ecole normale supérieure Висш педагогически институт (в Париж); Ecole polytechnique Политехническо висше училище; Ecole spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr Военно училище за артилеристи и пехотинци; Ecole supérieure de guerre Военна академия; Ecole supérieure de la Marine Военноморска академия; les hautes écoles висши учебни заведения; 3. школа, учение; école française френска школа; école de Socrate учението на Сократ. Ќ basse école обучение по езда; être а bonne école в добра среда съм; faire l'école buissonnière не ходя на училище, бягам от училище; sentir l'école имам вид на педант; la vieille école традицията; faire une école сбърквам, правя глупост; faire école имам последователи, привърженици. -
7 école
f1) школа ( также здание); училище; учебное заведениеécole professionnelle — профессиональная школа; профессиональное училищеécole de dessin — школа, курсы рисованияécole du soir — вечерняя школа, вечерние курсыécole en [de] plein air — школа на открытом воздухеécole maternelle — детский садEcole nationale supérieure agronomique — Высшая агрономическая школаécole d'application — практическая школа войск, учебно-тренировочный центрfaire l'école — преподавать, давать урокиfréquenter l'école — посещать школуmettre à l'école — отдать в школу••renvoyer qn à l'école — дать понять кому-либо, что ему ещё надо поучитьсяsentir l'école — быть педантом2) школа, учение, курс обученияêtre à bonne école — быть в хороших руках; пройти хорошую школу••à l'école du monde — в школе жизни, наученный жизнью3) воен. подготовкаécole à feu — учебные стрельбы; огневая подготовкаbasse école — начальная школа верховой ездыhaute école — высшая школа верховой езды; вольтижировка; джигитовка4) школа (течение в литературе, искусстве и т. п.)••faire école — образовать, создать школу; получить широкое распространение, пользоваться признанием (о теории, идее)5) (в приложении и как компонент сложных слов) учебныйferme-école — учебная, опытная ферма -
8 école
fшкола, училищеécole d'apprentissage — школа ремесленно-заводского ученичества; школа фабрично-заводского ученичестваécole d'arts et métiers — техническое училище, техникумécole Normale Supérieure de l'Enseignement Technique — Высшее училище по подготовке педагогического состава техникумов и профессиональных училищécole Polytechnique — Высшее политехническое училище, Политехнический институтécole technique — техническое училище; профессионально-техническое училище -
9 piston
piston [pistɔ̃]masculine nounc. ( = instrument de musique) cornet* * *pistɔ̃nom masculin1) Technologie piston2) (colloq) ( relations) contacts (pl)avoir du piston — to have connections ou contacts in the right places
3) Musique ( d'instrument) valve* * *pistɔ̃ nm1) TECHNIQUE piston2) MUSIQUE valve3) fig * (= appui) string-pulling* * *piston nm1 Tech piston; moteur à pistons piston engine;2 ○( relations) contacts (pl); avoir du piston to have connections ou contacts in the right places; il a un piston au ministère he knows somebody ou he has connections in the Ministry; il a obtenu son poste par piston he got his job because he has connections in the right places, someone got him the job by pulling strings;[pistɔ̃] nom masculin -
10 inženýrská škola
inženýrská školaÉcole centrale des Arts et ManufacturesCentraleÉcole centrale -
11 central
1. adj ( fém - centrale)центральный, главныйmaison centrale, prison centrale — центральная, пересылочная тюрьмаEcole centrale (des arts et manufactures) — Высшая школа искусств и ремёсел2. m1) центр, узел связиcentral téléphonique privé — учрежденческая, заводская АТС -
12 centralien
centralien, - ienne nm,f: graduate of the École centrale des Arts et Manufactures., centralienne [sɑ̃traljɛ̃, ɛn] nom masculin, nom féminin -
13 Центральная школа гражданских инженеров
Dictionnaire russe-français universel > Центральная школа гражданских инженеров
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14 главное училище ремёсел и прикладного искусства
nmech.eng. école Centrale des Arts et ManufacturesDictionnaire russe-français universel > главное училище ремёсел и прикладного искусства
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15 Chapelon, André
[br]b. 26 October 1892 Saint-Paul-en-Cornillon, Loire, Franced. 29 June 1978 Paris, France[br]French locomotive engineer who developed high-performance steam locomotives.[br]Chapelon's technical education at the Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, Paris, was interrupted by extended military service during the First World War. From experience of observing artillery from the basket of a captive balloon, he developed a method of artillery fire control which was more accurate than that in use and which was adopted by the French army.In 1925 he joined the motive-power and rolling-stock department of the Paris-Orléans Railway under Chief Mechanical Engineer Maurice Lacoin and was given the task of improving the performance of its main-line 4–6–2 locomotives, most of them compounds. He had already made an intensive study of steam locomotive design and in 1926 introduced his Kylchap exhaust system, based in part on the earlier work of the Finnish engineer Kyläla. Chapelon improved the entrainment of the hot gases in the smokebox by the exhaust steam and so minimized back pressure in the cylinders, increasing the power of a locomotive substantially. He also greatly increased the cross-sectional area of steam passages, used poppet valves instead of piston valves and increased superheating of steam. PO (Paris-Orléans) 4–6–2s rebuilt on these principles from 1929 onwards proved able to haul 800-ton trains, in place of the previous 500-ton trains, and to do so to accelerated schedules with reduced coal consumption. Commencing in 1932, some were converted, at the time of rebuilding, into 4–8–0s to increase adhesive weight for hauling heavy trains over the steeply graded Paris-Toulouse line.Chapelon's principles were quickly adopted on other French railways and elsewhere.H.N. Gresley was particularly influenced by them. After formation of the French National Railways (SNCF) in 1938, Chapelon produced in 1941 a prototype rebuilt PO 2–10–0 freight locomotive as a six-cylinder compound, with four low-pressure cylinders to maximize expansive use of steam and with all cylinders steam-jacketed to minimize heat loss by condensation and radiation. War conditions delayed extended testing until 1948–52. Meanwhile Chapelon had, by rebuilding, produced in 1946 a high-powered, three-cylinder, compound 4–8–4 intended as a stage in development of a proposed range of powerful and thermally efficient steam locomotives for the postwar SNCF: a high-speed 4–6–4 in this range was to run at sustained speeds of 125 mph (200 km/h). However, plans for improved steam locomotives were then overtaken in France by electriflcation and dieselization, though the performance of the 4–8–4, which produced 4,000 hp (3,000 kW) at the drawbar for the first time in Europe, prompted modification of electric locomotives, already on order, to increase their power.Chapelon retired from the SNCF in 1953, but continued to act as a consultant. His principles were incorporated into steam locomotives built in France for export to South America, and even after the energy crisis of 1973 he was consulted on projects to build improved, high-powered steam locomotives for countries with reserves of cheap coal. The eventual fall in oil prices brought these to an end.[br]Bibliography1938, La Locomotive à vapeur, Paris: J.B.Bailière (a comprehensive summary of contemporary knowledge of every function of the locomotive).Further ReadingH.C.B.Rogers, 1972, Chapelon, Genius of French Steam, Shepperton: Ian Allan.1986, "André Chapelon, locomotive engineer: a survey of his work", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 58 (a symposium on Chapelon's work).Obituary, 1978, Railway Engineer (September/October) (makes reference to the technical significance of Chapelon's work).PJGR
См. также в других словарях:
Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures — École centrale Paris École centrale Paris Nom original École centrale des arts et manufactures Localisation Localisation Châtenay Malabry … Wikipédia en Français
Ecole centrale des arts et manufactures — École centrale Paris École centrale Paris Nom original École centrale des arts et manufactures Localisation Localisation Châtenay Malabry … Wikipédia en Français
École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures — École centrale Paris École centrale Paris Nom original École centrale des arts et manufactures Localisation Localisation Châtenay Malabry … Wikipédia en Français
École centrale des Arts et manufactures — École centrale Paris École centrale Paris Nom original École centrale des arts et manufactures Localisation Localisation Châtenay Malabry … Wikipédia en Français
École centrale des arts et manufactures — École centrale Paris École centrale Paris Nom original École centrale des arts et manufactures Localisation Localisation Châtenay Malabry … Wikipédia en Français
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Ecole Centrale Paris — École centrale Paris École centrale Paris Nom original École centrale des arts et manufactures Localisation Localisation Châtenay Malabry … Wikipédia en Français
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